PLAN: The United States Federal Government should provide financial and technical assistance to the Cuban people for the transference of Guantanamo Bay Naval Base to Cuba.
Global opinion on ...with 67 per cent of respondents opposed.
Now we will isolate three scenarios for escalation:
Scenario I – Proliferation
1a.U.S. leadership prevents proliferation and global nuclear war
Khalilzad, ‘95
[Khalilzad, Director, Strategy and Doctrine Program, RAND, ‘95Zalmay, "Losing the Moment? The United States and the World After the Cold War," The Washington Quarterly, Spring, lexis-nexis]
Under the third option,... multipolar balance of power system
Scenario 2 – Power Wars
2a.American unipolarity prevents great power conflicts and avoids dangerous miscalculation
Walt, 02
(Stephen Walt, Professor of International Affairs at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. "American Primacy: Its Prospects and Pitfalls." Naval War College Review, spring 2002 (Proquest))
A second consequence of .... transportation, and technology may be harder to come by.
3b.US economy key to global economy
NSF, 2006
(U.S. R&D expenditures, by character of work, performing sector, and source of funds: 2006 (projected), National Science Foundation, April 2007, at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf07317/ )
The United States of America a... be the top OECD investor.
Observation III – Civil-Military Relations
1. CMR on the brink Now
Connelly and Kohn 9
[Dr. Donald, an associate professor in the Command and General Staff College's Department of Joint, Interagency and Multinational Operations. Dr. Richard, professor of history at UNC Chapel Hill, and author of “Coming soon: A crisis in civil-military relations?” Panel discusses civil-military relations at Fort Leavenworth 2009, DA: 9-20-2013 http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/03/27/18852-panel-discusses-civil-military-relations-at-fort-leavenworth/]
Dr. Donald Connelly is an ...The last eight years, in particular the Bush administration, have, if anything, made things worse," he said.
2. CMR Solves for U.S. hegemony
Kohn 99
(Richard, U.S. Commission on National security, FDCH, 11-4-1999)
My focus on the relationship of the military to society... American foreign policy.
3. US Hegemony is key to maintain economic growth, human rights, trade channels, democracy, and prevent natural disaster crises, terrorism, and great power war
Thayer 2006
(Bradley A.Thayer, November/December, 2006 “In Defense of Primacy,” NATIONAL INTEREST Issue 86)
THROUGHOUT HISTORY, peace and stability ... the equivalent of a blitzkrieg.
Mohammed Nechla and five other ...He had arrived at Guantánamo.
The death of the rule of law in Nechla’s story typifies what Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben calls the “normalization of exception,” or the transition from the legal order to the juridico-political order. How fitting that the central trope in this process is the Muselmann, the man who is alive but also dead.
Federman and Holmes, 2011
(Cary Federman, 2011, received Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Virginia and has taught at the University of Virginia and at James Madison College (Michigan State University). Recipient of two Fulbright scholarships, taught law and political science at the University of Zagreb, Croatia and criminology at the Institute of Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. Has lectured at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, the University of Graz (Faculties of Law and Social Sciences), and taught American Politics and Law at Palacky University, the Czech Republic, “Guantanamo Bodies: Law, Media, and Biopower”, http://www.academia.edu/1051667/Guantanamo_Bodies_Law_Media_and_Biopower)
There is, for Foucault, ...the meaning of being a detainee.
The state of exception exists due to the suspension of the rule of law in favor of the rule of jurisdiction to exert political power in service of “civilization”. The normalization of that state, is a direct extension of sovereignty’s usage of biopolitics to reduce all life to “bare life.’
Federman and Holmes, 2011
(Cary Federman, 2011, received Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Virginia and has taught at the University of Virginia and at James Madison College (Michigan State University). Recipient of two Fulbright scholarships, taught law and political science at the University of Zagreb, Croatia and criminology at the Institute of Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. Has lectured at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, the University of Graz (Faculties of Law and Social Sciences), and taught American Politics and Law at Palacky University, the Czech Republic, “Guantanamo Bodies: Law, Media, and Biopower”, http://www.academia.edu/1051667/Guantanamo_Bodies_Law_Media_and_Biopower)
Agamben asks, regarding Schmitt’s ...exemplary of biopolitics” (Ansah, 2010, 147).
This is the absolute negation of life itself, and a fate worse than death. This is life bereft of metaphysical meaning, and therefore embeds a power structure that legitimizes any form of deprivation of life.
Federman and Holmes, 2011
(Cary Federman, 2011, received Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Virginia and has taught at the University of Virginia and at James Madison College (Michigan State University). Recipient of two Fulbright scholarships, taught law and political science at the University of Zagreb, Croatia and criminology at the Institute of Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. Has lectured at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, the University of Graz (Faculties of Law and Social Sciences), and taught American Politics and Law at Palacky University, the Czech Republic, “Guantanamo Bodies: Law, Media, and Biopower”, http://www.academia.edu/1051667/Guantanamo_Bodies_Law_Media_and_Biopower)
To be sure, following the events of...they have no fear, as they are too tired to understand. (Levi, 1996, 90)
Thus, the only way to regain our status as bios is to bear witness to the Muselmänner, to understand their stories, and to give a voice to those who have been rendered mute.
Federman and Holmes, 2011
(Cary Federman, 2011, received Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Virginia and has taught at the University of Virginia and at James Madison College (Michigan State University). Recipient of two Fulbright scholarships, taught law and political science at the University of Zagreb, Croatia and criminology at the Institute of Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. Has lectured at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, the University of Graz (Faculties of Law and Social Sciences), and taught American Politics and Law at Palacky University, the Czech Republic, “Guantanamo Bodies: Law, Media, and Biopower”, http://www.academia.edu/1051667/Guantanamo_Bodies_Law_Media_and_Biopower)
The immiseration of the Muselmänner ... associated with legal liberalism.
In addition, Guantanamo Bay justifies US exceptionalism and imperialism which naturalizes and reproduces endless violence and racism.
Cuadro, 2011
(Mariela Cuadro, PhD in International Relations from Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Licensed in Sociology at Universidad de Buenos Aires, coordinator and investigator for the Middle East department of the Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales (Institute of International Relations), 2011, “Universalisation of liberal democracy, American exceptionalism and racism,” http://www2.hu-berlin.de/transcience/Vol2_Issue2_2011_30_43.pdf)
The meeting of exceptionalism, ...This assertion deserves further development.
American exceptionalism justifies extermination of the other.
Cuadro, 2011
(Mariela Cuadro, PhD in International Relations from Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Licensed in Sociology at Universidad de Buenos Aires, coordinator and investigator for the Middle East department of the Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales (Institute of International Relations), 2011, “Universalisation of liberal democracy, American exceptionalism and racism,” http://www2.hu-berlin.de/transcience/Vol2_Issue2_2011_30_43.pdf)
In this context ...what we are trying to explain.
Returning Guantanamo is a prerequisite to challenging American imperialism in Latin America
Thecontinuedoperation ... entire naval base to Cuba.
THUS MY PARTNER AND I ADVOCATE WE DISCURSIVELY ERASE GUANTANAMO BAY DETENTION FACILITY AS A SITE OF BIOPOLITICAL EXPLOITATION AND IMPERIALISM BY IMMEDIATELY CLOSING THE SITE AND HANDING THE LAND BACK TO CUBA.
Observation I – Inherency
1. Guantanamo Bay is still open and holds over 100 inmates
Denver Post, 13
(5-05-13, “Why, after all these years, is Guantanamo still open?” http://www.denverpost.com/ci_23159620/why-after-all-these-years-is-guantanamo-still)
Yet it is now three months... it needs to stop."
PLAN: The United States Federal Government should provide financial and technical assistance to the Cuban people for the transference of Guantanamo Bay Naval Base to Cuba.
Observation II – Soft Power
1. US soft power low now
Sydney Morning Herald ‘07
[Sydney Morning Herald is Australia's longest-running newspaper and number one news website, “Sydney Morning Herald”, “How the Mighty are Fallen,” January 23, 2007, http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/how-the-mighty-are-fallen/2007/01/23/1169330868042.html# ]
Global opinion on ...with 67 per cent of respondents opposed.
Now we will isolate three scenarios for escalation:
Scenario I – Proliferation
1a.U.S. leadership prevents proliferation and global nuclear war
Khalilzad, ‘95
[Khalilzad, Director, Strategy and Doctrine Program, RAND, ‘95Zalmay, "Losing the Moment? The United States and the World After the Cold War," The Washington Quarterly, Spring, lexis-nexis]
Under the third option,... multipolar balance of power system
Scenario 2 – Power Wars
2a.American unipolarity prevents great power conflicts and avoids dangerous miscalculationWalt, 02
(Stephen Walt, Professor of International Affairs at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. "American Primacy: Its Prospects and Pitfalls." Naval War College Review, spring 2002 (Proquest))
A second consequence of .... transportation, and technology may be harder to come by.
3b.US economy key to global economy
NSF, 2006
(U.S. R&D expenditures, by character of work, performing sector, and source of funds: 2006 (projected), National Science Foundation, April 2007, at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf07317/ )
The United States of America a... be the top OECD investor.
Observation III – Civil-Military Relations
1. CMR on the brink Now
Connelly and Kohn 9
[Dr. Donald, an associate professor in the Command and General Staff College's Department of Joint, Interagency and Multinational Operations. Dr. Richard, professor of history at UNC Chapel Hill, and author of “Coming soon: A crisis in civil-military relations?” Panel discusses civil-military relations at Fort Leavenworth 2009, DA: 9-20-2013 http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/03/27/18852-panel-discusses-civil-military-relations-at-fort-leavenworth/]
Dr. Donald Connelly is an ...The last eight years, in particular the Bush administration, have, if anything, made things worse," he said.
2. CMR Solves for U.S. hegemony
Kohn 99
(Richard, U.S. Commission on National security, FDCH, 11-4-1999)
My focus on the relationship of the military to society... American foreign policy.
3. US Hegemony is key to maintain economic growth, human rights, trade channels, democracy, and prevent natural disaster crises, terrorism, and great power war
Thayer 2006
(Bradley A.Thayer, November/December, 2006 “In Defense of Primacy,” NATIONAL INTEREST Issue 86)
THROUGHOUT HISTORY, peace and stability ... the equivalent of a blitzkrieg.
Observation IV – Solvency
1. Closing Guantanamo restores US soft power
Nye8
(Joseph, Distinguished Service Professor at Harvard University and Author, “Barack Obama and Soft Power” June 12, 2008 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/joseph-nye/barack-obama-and-soft-pow_b_106717.html)
Soft power is the ability to obtain... days immediately after the election.
2. Closure of Guantanamo Bay increases CMR relations
Tilghman, 13
(Andrew, Staff Writer, “JCS chief: Time to rethink civil-military relations,” Jul. 12, 2013, Navy Times, cites Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Gen. Martin Dempsey, Online, http://www.navytimes.com/article/20130712/NEWS05/307120023/JCS-chief-Time-rethink-civil-military-relations, accessed 9/20/13) PE
The nation’s top military officer...achieve those objectives.”
--------------------------------------------
Little Lexington
GUANTANAMO 1AC
We will start with a story.
CCR, 06
(Center for Constitutional Rights, Report: Torture and Cruel, Inhuman, and Degrading Treatment of Prisoners at Guantanamo Bay, http://ccrjustice.org/learn-more/reports/report:-torture-and-cruel,-inhuman,-and-degrading-treatment-prisoners-guantanamo-)
Mohammed Nechla and five other ...He had arrived at Guantánamo.
The death of the rule of law in Nechla’s story typifies what Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben calls the “normalization of exception,” or the transition from the legal order to the juridico-political order. How fitting that the central trope in this process is the Muselmann, the man who is alive but also dead.
Federman and Holmes, 2011
(Cary Federman, 2011, received Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Virginia and has taught at the University of Virginia and at James Madison College (Michigan State University). Recipient of two Fulbright scholarships, taught law and political science at the University of Zagreb, Croatia and criminology at the Institute of Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. Has lectured at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, the University of Graz (Faculties of Law and Social Sciences), and taught American Politics and Law at Palacky University, the Czech Republic, “Guantanamo Bodies: Law, Media, and Biopower”, http://www.academia.edu/1051667/Guantanamo_Bodies_Law_Media_and_Biopower)
There is, for Foucault, ...the meaning of being a detainee.
The state of exception exists due to the suspension of the rule of law in favor of the rule of jurisdiction to exert political power in service of “civilization”. The normalization of that state, is a direct extension of sovereignty’s usage of biopolitics to reduce all life to “bare life.’
Federman and Holmes, 2011
(Cary Federman, 2011, received Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Virginia and has taught at the University of Virginia and at James Madison College (Michigan State University). Recipient of two Fulbright scholarships, taught law and political science at the University of Zagreb, Croatia and criminology at the Institute of Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. Has lectured at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, the University of Graz (Faculties of Law and Social Sciences), and taught American Politics and Law at Palacky University, the Czech Republic, “Guantanamo Bodies: Law, Media, and Biopower”, http://www.academia.edu/1051667/Guantanamo_Bodies_Law_Media_and_Biopower)
Agamben asks, regarding Schmitt’s ...exemplary of biopolitics” (Ansah, 2010, 147).
This is the absolute negation of life itself, and a fate worse than death. This is life bereft of metaphysical meaning, and therefore embeds a power structure that legitimizes any form of deprivation of life.
Federman and Holmes, 2011
(Cary Federman, 2011, received Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Virginia and has taught at the University of Virginia and at James Madison College (Michigan State University). Recipient of two Fulbright scholarships, taught law and political science at the University of Zagreb, Croatia and criminology at the Institute of Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. Has lectured at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, the University of Graz (Faculties of Law and Social Sciences), and taught American Politics and Law at Palacky University, the Czech Republic, “Guantanamo Bodies: Law, Media, and Biopower”, http://www.academia.edu/1051667/Guantanamo_Bodies_Law_Media_and_Biopower)
To be sure, following the events of...they have no fear, as they are too tired to understand. (Levi, 1996, 90)
Thus, the only way to regain our status as bios is to bear witness to the Muselmänner, to understand their stories, and to give a voice to those who have been rendered mute.
Federman and Holmes, 2011
(Cary Federman, 2011, received Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Virginia and has taught at the University of Virginia and at James Madison College (Michigan State University). Recipient of two Fulbright scholarships, taught law and political science at the University of Zagreb, Croatia and criminology at the Institute of Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. Has lectured at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, the University of Graz (Faculties of Law and Social Sciences), and taught American Politics and Law at Palacky University, the Czech Republic, “Guantanamo Bodies: Law, Media, and Biopower”, http://www.academia.edu/1051667/Guantanamo_Bodies_Law_Media_and_Biopower)
The immiseration of the Muselmänner ... associated with legal liberalism.
In addition, Guantanamo Bay justifies US exceptionalism and imperialism which naturalizes and reproduces endless violence and racism.
Cuadro, 2011
(Mariela Cuadro, PhD in International Relations from Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Licensed in Sociology at Universidad de Buenos Aires, coordinator and investigator for the Middle East department of the Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales (Institute of International Relations), 2011, “Universalisation of liberal democracy, American exceptionalism and racism,” http://www2.hu-berlin.de/transcience/Vol2_Issue2_2011_30_43.pdf)
The meeting of exceptionalism, ...This assertion deserves further development.
American exceptionalism justifies extermination of the other.
Cuadro, 2011
(Mariela Cuadro, PhD in International Relations from Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Licensed in Sociology at Universidad de Buenos Aires, coordinator and investigator for the Middle East department of the Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales (Institute of International Relations), 2011, “Universalisation of liberal democracy, American exceptionalism and racism,” http://www2.hu-berlin.de/transcience/Vol2_Issue2_2011_30_43.pdf)
In this context ...what we are trying to explain.
Returning Guantanamo is a prerequisite to challenging American imperialism in Latin America
Rueckert, 13
(Phineas Rueckert, June 4, 2013 Research Associate at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs “Guantánamo Bay: Closing the GTMO Detention Center is a Wilting Olive Branch to Cuba and the Rest of Latin America” http://www.coha.org/guantanamo-bay-closing-the-gtmo-detention-center-is-a-wilting-olive-branch-to-cuba-and-the-rest-of-latin-america/, TS)
Thecontinuedoperation ... entire naval base to Cuba.
THUS MY PARTNER AND I ADVOCATE WE DISCURSIVELY ERASE GUANTANAMO BAY DETENTION FACILITY AS A SITE OF BIOPOLITICAL EXPLOITATION AND IMPERIALISM BY IMMEDIATELY CLOSING THE SITE AND HANDING THE LAND BACK TO CUBA.